Myocardial Infarction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Myocardial Infarction - Research Paper Example The area deprived of blood supply is said to have suffered ischemic injury. The ischemic injury, if severe enough to cause the complete block of oxygen and nutrients causes death of the heart tissue, which is termed as Myocardial Infarction (Guyton et al 200, Ganong 2005). Pathophysiology The blood vessels supplying the heart are called coronary arteries. There are three main coronary arteries which supply different areas of heart along with their branches. These are 1) Right coronary artery, 2) Left anterior descending artery, 3) Left circumflex artery. Above 90% cases of myocardial infarction occur as a result of coronary artery blockage, thus the disease is also referred to as coronary artery disease (CAD). The most common and dangerous cause of coronary artery obstruction, and thus MI is Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis refers to the narrowing of arteries because of accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are basically thrombi composed of lipid foam cells (choleste rol) and different cell components including smooth muscle, macrophages and collagen fibres. In most instances, the ischemic myocardial infarction is precipitated by the phenomenon called acute plaque change. Acute plaque change results from the rupture of pre-existing thrombi that partially occlude the lumen. The rupture exposes the underlying thrombogenic endothelium. The plaques are also termed as vulnerable plaques as they contain lipids in high amounts, along with collagen fibres and inflammatory cells. When ruptured, the reactivity of these components causes the inflammatory destabilization and result in the infarction (Libby P 2001). The acute phase reactant, C reactive protein (CRP) is thus found to be high during the acute myocardial infarction (Blake et al 2003). The infarction can occur in either of the two patterns, complete occlusion of a single coronary artery referred to as transmural infarct, which results in complete ischemia of the area supplied by that particular coronary artery. Subendocardial infarcts on the other hand occlude the arteries incompletely, and thus allow some perfusion. But since subendocardium is the least perused area of the myocardium, it is more prone to ischemic death. The aim of reperfusion is to save the viable muscle from necrosis (Huber et al 1996). The myocardial injury is reversible for up to 30 minutes after the ischemic attack, thereafter the injury becomes irreversible. The entire muscle becomes necrotic within six hours, if the collateral arteries are not well developed (Robbins et al 2005, Mohan 2007). Etiology of Myocardial Infarction The development of atherosclerotic plaques and pathogenesis of the process into the myocardial infarction is a complex one. It is a chronic disease taking years to evolve before it causes any modifiable consequences. The evolvement is subtle and the resultant damage is severe. The pathogenesis of the disease involves several factors. The balance among these factors in the long r un determines the outcome of the condition. These factors can either be modifiable or non-modifiable. The modifiable factors are the ones that a person can control by bringing about certain changes. They include controlling the level of fats in diet, cessation of smoking, regular exercise and maintaining the blood pressure in the normal range (Manson et al 1996). The hyperlipidemias, i.e. elevated low density

Physical environment of East and South Asia Essay

Physical environment of East and South Asia - Essay Example South and East Asia has undergone a number of environmental changes as a result of human activities in the region. A number of environmental challenges have been witnessed as in the region as activities such as deforestation, destruction of natural settings and human settlement. The region was originally covered by dense jungles, gorgeous beaches and incredible wildlife. Some of these regions have transformed into spectacular urban centers as a result of massive economic growth that countries in the region have experienced. There is increased number of endangered species of wild animals due to increased cases of poaching and deforestation. The Asian elephant that is well known in the region has increasingly been under threat of being faced put from the face of the earth. Their total number that was initially 300,000 at the beginning of 20th century has now gone down to 100, 000 in the country of Thailand alone. The increasing destruction of the natural habitats of the elephants has m ake it harder for them to find food and increasing their contact with human being which puts them in more danger of being targeted by the people. The ever increasing demand for ivory has made the elephants to be the target of poachers despite that fact that poaching is illegal in most of these countries (Ooi, 2004). Air pollution has been another problem that has been affecting the environment of the region and it is worse in South and East Asia despite being a global challenge. The hazes experienced in the region have the ability to spread.

Operational Difference †Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay Example for Free

Operational Difference – Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay As I went through the historical span of Burger King History, the franchises of Burger King played a major part in expansion of the parent company from the early 1960’s till date. The relation of franchises and management has always been influential and significant in success and failures of Burger King History. Primarily, the company operated with major investment from franchises and minimal from the company, so the decisions and relationship with franchises was crucial. Flame broiler a unique device that improved with decades in Burger King history The company was set-up on the basis of the oven called ‘Insta-broiler’ for cooking burgers. The purpose had been inspired from McDonald’s speedy service. It was further mechanised into a gas grill without changing patties and self functional by means of a conveyor belt. Further, the device was also customised and technologically advanced to produce Chicken sandwich, Chicken Whopper, Veggie burger, etc. Drive –thru service The company though was working hard on franchises and unique device to meet operational needs; it was mainly oriented to meet demand of production at ‘Drive-thru’ restaurants. This was because the company had major part of its sales revenue i.e. 70 % from ‘Drive-thru’ operations. Later this competence was adapted by McDonald and other competitors as well. However the effectiveness and efficiency of Burger King’s ‘Drive-thru’ was easily highlighted. Competitive methods of Burger King The purpose of its competitive strategy is to build a sustainable competitive advantage over the organization’s rivals. It defines the fundamental decisions that guide the organization’s marketing, financial management and operating strategies. As there were many significant changes in the history of Burger King, eventually there were different competitive methods used in different span in history. Some of the significant competitive methods are listed as follows: 1} Initial decade in Burger king’s history, ‘Insta-broiler’ a device competitive in making burgers and technological advancements in the same gave it a competitive advantage. 2} High amount of franchises worldwide executed major ownership stake and customised operations in the outlets. This was tightened and a new company structure was formed, followed by a new competitive aptitude. [Year 1963 -1967] 3} Push sale approach led increase in competitive breakfast market and thus improve in position in market. Burger King moved to second position in US fast food market after McDonald. [Year 1982-1985] 4} Launched a Burger King Kids Club program that help the company to increase sales and successful entry into a new market segment. [Year 1990-1995] 5} Introduction of a TURNAROUND PLAN named ‘Go Forward Plan’, which was significant to attain objectives like increasing profit, create a customer image, teamwork, etc.[Year 2000]. One more advantage Burger King introduced was ‘Revamped Chicken Whopper’, helpful to compete with other competitors. Burger King McDonald’s (BK is simply not as big as McD) Some of the basic company facts and objectives of both the companies, help us understand how Burger King is not as big as McDonald’s in global terms. Facts Burger King McDonald Founder 1941 by Richard and Maurice McDonald 1953 by Keith J.Cramer Present chain 12,150 outlets in 50 states and US territories and 74 countries More than 31,000 outlets in 119 countries Revenue $2.5 Billion Number of employees 360,000 employees 1,500,000 employees (1.5 million) Customers 11.8 million customers daily worldwide 58 million customers across the globe Products offered Flame-broiled burgers including the Whopper, Burger King also offers chicken sandwiches, fish sandwiches, French fries, onion rings, salads, chicken fries and Croissanwiches for breakfast. McDonald’s predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald’s offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps Calorie content A Burger King Double Whopper has around 920 calories A McDonalds Big Mac consists of 540 calories Objectives Burger King McDonalds Market share 21.9 % in US fast food industry 44% in US fast food industry Value for money More bigger product for reasonable price Product size is smaller with inexpensive price Franchising More than 90 % of the outlets are franchised A little less than 30 % Suppliers The suppliers vary with various franchise in different locations worldwide. McDonald chooses best suppliers and type and quality of meat varies with country culture. Advertising The BK adverts were quite confusing and sending wrong messages in potential market which affected cultural values and also brand image at times. McDonalds often had appropriate ways of advertising and were supportive to increase sales and popularity of the brand. Issues relating to Burger King The case study is very critical in understanding the issues related with Burger King’s history. Some of the prominent issues from past to present can be listed as follows: Franchise management – The company found it difficult to manage more than 90% franchise in the business of Burger King products and services. Crucial reason was also the percentage of stake ownership , which was initially 38% and was improved to 42% by Donald Smith, former McDonald executive. Changes in leadership – The history of Burger King marked approximately 20 changes in management. The changes in short term span affected oragnisation focus over goals and objectives, affected brand image adversely and lacked consistency in operation. Unhealthy food – The Company came prominently in highlight during the era from 2003 as potential customers had responded to be health conscious. The period marked spread of mad-cow disease and obesity levels among children was a rising concern. Market recession – The US economy faced economic recession from 2006 and needs brand to take effective measures to sustain and avoid losing loyal customers to competitors. Recommendations for future development in UK The Burger King opened its first branch/outlet in UK in 1977 on Coventry Street in London. Since then till date Burger King has 654 restaurants in UK ( out of which 73 are owned) whereas it has 139 ‘drive-through’ restaurants. Considering the present fast food environment in UK, following recommendations come in lime-light: HEALTHY FOOD – Burger King UK has currently many problems within the environment in company and surrounding, however one of the prime concern is healthy food. The company needs to produce fast food with less saturated fats and salt content. The problem of obesity in UK is high as well and addressing to this concern is the need of demand to survive over the competitors. PRIME LOCATIONS and EVENTS – Burger King needs to increase its influence and market share in UK, by serving at prime hot spots as well as at travel destinations. The presence of Burger King on high streets and at various national rail stations and airport is reasonable, however it needs to be accessible at hot tourist spots and business oriented commercial areas. SPEED – Burger King needs to increase its speed of delivering products and services to customers, as it has been competing with McDonalds over more than 50 years and still lacks speed during peak periods. Speed in operations helps to generate revenue in coping zone. Schools of strategy – Burger King’s evolution (analyse critically) Strategy formation is judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it is about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during †¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Henry Mintzberg However there is a difference in perspective leading to strategy arguments. Mintzberg identified this and tried to debate and answer different perspectives through his 10 Schools of Strategy/Thinking. The burger King History prominently highlights two of them, explained as follows: 1] The Power School – Strategy Systems as Processes of Negotiation According to the power school, strategy systems are described to be mainly shaped by power and politics, whether as a process inside the enterprise itself or as the behaviour of the enterprise as a whole within its external environment. Strategies that may result from such processes tend to be emergent in nature, and take the forms of positions and actions more than perspectives. On the one hand parts of the power school (‘micro power’) see strategy making as the interplay, through persuasion, bargaining, and sometimes through direct confrontation, among narrow scope interests and shifting coalitions, with none dominant for any significant period. On the  other hand other parts of power school (‘macro power’) see the enterprise as promoting its own welfare by controlling or cooperating with other enterprise (such as Franchises), through the use of strategic manipulation as well as collective strategies in various kinds of networks and alliances. EXAMPLE – Burger King at different period in history, tried to take control over franchises by executing greater control over their operations and direct confrontation with various industry giants/ suppliers. These various processes implemented to achieve power through strategy highlights ‘THE POWER SCHOOL’. 2] The Configuration School – Strategy Systems as Process of Transformation The school follows a formation approach wherein the organisation is transforming into one type of decision making structure into another. The school interrupts the period of stability by some process of transformation. It has configuration of strategy formation from other nine schools which are – Design school – Strategy formation as an architecture process Planning school – Strategy formation as a formal process Positioning school Strategy formation as an analytical process Entrepreneurial school – Strategy formation as a visionary process Cognitive school – Strategy formation as a mental process Learning (or Emergent) school – Strategy formation as an emergent process Power school – Strategy formation as a process of negotiation Cultural school – Strategy formation as a collective process Environmental school – Strategy formation as a reactive process The school recognises a appropriate combination of any one or more of them taking into context a particular type. EXAMPLE – Burger King history marks use of Positioning school in year 1980 -1983 to create a brand image and achieve second position in US fast food market. Click here to Continue Reading this Article Rate This Article Tags: burger king, free essay Category: Business, Free Essays Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Subscribe If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. Including student tips and advice. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube Click here to ask a question about this article.  « Management Function: Critical Analysis of the role of a modern industrial manager Shareholder-Wealth Maximization model (SWM): a Financial Report on Luton Brickworks Plc.  » Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Analysis of Marks and Spencer’s Past Failures and Present Developments Strategic Analysis of Marks and Spencers Plc (MS) Looking for Something Similar? Get Student Advice We send regular advice and updates for students. We promise not to spam. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube

How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behaviour Marketing Essay

How Big Food Companies Influence Consumer Behaviour Marketing Essay Food is one of the most imperative necessities in peoples everyday life. Since it is an indispensable part of everyones life, people seldom think about how much food we consume and what kind of factors usually influence us when we eat and buy. According to National Statistics, in the past one year, 63 million UK consumers in total spent 173.6 billion pounds on food, drink and catering services, which means food cost each British consumer 2,756 pounds in average in 2011(Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011). It is quite easy to measure the amount food people consume in quantitative analysis; however, to predict consumers behaviour in daily food consumption is difficult. General information about some big food companies People enjoy benefits of modern transportation system and get food produced anywhere from local stores. However, most of food illustrated on the shelves of supermarkets comes mainly from some big food companies. Those companies have strong influences on consumers whether they realize it or not. The biggest two food companies in the world are Nestlà © and Kraft. According to the key figures on Nestlà ©s global website, their sales in the year 2011 was 83,642 million in Swiss franc (CHF), which equals to approximate 87,191 million in US Dollar(Nestlà ©, Inc.,2012). For Kraft, its revenue of 2010 was 49,200 million in US Dollar (Kraft, Inc., 2012). Countries like New Zealand, its GDP in 2010 were only about 119,200 million in US Dollar. From these figures, it gives a clear indication of the gigantic size of these food companies. Every single day, they sell thousands of packaged food to consumers all over the world. The influence of these conglomerates on consumers behaviour is prevalent. Definition of Consumer Behaviour How do people make their choice in the process purchasing? How do they react to price, promotions, sales and advertisements? These kinds of questions can be answered in research scope of consumer behaviour. According to Robert East (2008), marketing is a customer of consumer research. Although consumer behaviour is a complicated concept, it can be measured by some systematic research to some extent. For example, if the price is dropped by 10%, how much do sales change correspondingly? We can use methods of statistics, psychology and market research to measure the size of effect (East, 2008). Project statement In this project, it will main focus on consumer behaviour in food buying process. Some examples and cases about industry-leading companies will be given to show how these world-leading food companies influence the most important part-food, in peoples daily life. Some critical analysis will be included in this thesis to help consumers to have an understanding of buying food from a different perspective. East, R., Vanhuele, M. and Wright, M. (2008). Consumer Behaviour Applications in Marketing. Oak, CA: SAGE Publications. Definition ( Consumer Behaviour) what is consumer behaviour How do people make their choice in the process purchasing? How do they react to price, promotions, sales and advertisements? These kinds of questions can be answered in research scope of consumer behaviour. According to Robert East (2008), marketing is a customer of consumer research. Although consumer behaviour is a complicated concept, it can be measured by some systematic research to some extent. For example, if the price is dropped by 10%, how much do sales change correspondingly? We can use methods of statistics, psychology and market research to measure the size of effect (East, 2008). Consumers as decision makers For consumers, decision making process is quite similar to an evaluate process. Usually, customers compare pros and cons of target goods with other alternatives. It is easy for us to assume that consumers are individual decision makers. However, many decisions are made in groups and marketers use mass media, word of mouth and price to influence groups of consumers choices since these consumers share some common features. Dietary habit(behaviour) in food buying process According to National Statistics : Food prices rose sharply (12% in real terms) in 2007 and 2008 following rises in agricultural commodity prices and rises in fuel prices. The four year rise between June 2007and June 2011 was 26%; over 12% in real terms. But Spend on eating out fell by 5.2% in real terms between 2007 and 2010. (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011, pp25-26). These figures show that with the increase of food price, spend on eating out by British was lower than before. It means the cost of eating out may increase according to food price and people are quite sensitive on the cost spent on money According to National Statistics (Food Statistics Pocketbook 2011, 2011), in 2010 UK households spent  £24.50 on food and non-alcoholic drinks for household supplies, with 23% going on meat. National Statistics reported: Overall 15% of edible food and drink purchases are wasted each year. Different foods are wasted at different rates; 17%of overall food purchases, 7.1% of soft drinks and 6.3% of alcoholic drinks are wasted. Avoidable food and drink waste in the home is estimated by WRAP at  £12 billion per year or  £480 per household. These wastes were probably caused by misestimating food consumption by households or triggered by the sales and promotions. Food marketing strategy used by food companies to influence consumers Food industry sponsor nutrition research In the new millennium, it is quite common for businesses to invest money in scientific research national committees in food and nutrition realm. A British study showed that of 246 members, 158 are funded by food companies (Nestle. M, 2001). Actually, it is a kind of advertisement and marketing strategy to influence buyer behaviour and both sides gain interests together. Food companies provide financial supports to nutrition and agriculture schools for consulting advices, speech of professors on conferences and findings of academic research. Companies also advertise in professional journals, newspapers and conferences. One investigation report of vitamin manufacturer showed that if professors are given travel subsidies, gifts or research funds, they will be more likely to have a positive attitude toward their sponsors products (Nestle, 2001). It is not to say that industry-sponsored research is always biased, but there shows a higher inclination to favour the sponsors commercial interests. By this way, consumers are influenced by the findings of scientific research and their sponsoring company. Advertising is another important benefit food companies want to achieve by supporting nutrition research. Food and beverage companies place advertisements on program leaflets, offer scholarship to outstanding students in the department, and gift free stationaries, accessories coffee and snakes with their company logos during the coffee breaks. For example, the Mars Company funded obesity prevention and treatment session, which helped it to build a healthful and positive imagine in the chocolate business. These kinds of advertisements affect publics attitudes toward health food from deep root, which will reflect in consumer behaviour in the process of purchasing. Price incentives In the market place, buyers are influenced by many factors, e.g. price, action of competitors, quality and etc. Although price is not the only factor that influence consumers, in most cases, purchasers are price-oriented and easy to be stimulated by price incentives. In common sense, if a produce is cheaper than it is expected, it will be more likely to be bought and vice versa. However, it is not the only way that price influences consumer behaviour. In supermarket, we can find sales and reduction in formats such as buy two get on free, buy one get the second half price, or up to 50% off. It is called price framing and those words make the promotions look attractive. According Nestles research (2001), he suggested that the use of price framing is an effective pricing tool and it can affect peoples judgements. Actually, different frames result in the same expenditure (Nestle, 2001). There are some typical types of frames we can find everywhere in our life. Membership fees of Gyms can be presented in 25 pounds per month instead of total amount 300 pounds for a year. 99-ending indicates a good deal, since a price starting with a 1 looks smaller than a price starting with a 2. Actually, companies do not lose money because of the 1 penny lower in pri ce but it does promote the sales by making consumers feel it is cheaper. Another interesting finding by Yang. S and her colleagues (2009) pointed out that numerical price formats also have a substantial influence on consumer purchase behaviour. According to their research that the written or scripted format of price on menu can remind people of concept of cost, since the word dollar or symbol $ may cause a pain of payment. This leads eaters to buy less in the restaurants. If restaurants avoid these monetary sign and use numbers only, it will result in more spending (Yang.S and et al, 2009). Surprisingly, it is not only price itself but the format of price can also influence consumer behaviour in buying process. Build brand loyalty Brand loyalty represents a favourable attitude toward a brand resulting in consistent purchase of brand over time said by Assael (2004). For example, if there are several brands of chips offered to a person, he or she chooses one kind of these brand rather than the others for enough time to show the satisfaction towards to this particular brand. It is called brand loyalty. To consumers, the habit of choosing the same brand for several times means the reduction of risk. According to the blind test on two competing brands of cola carried out by Maison. Greenwald and Bruin (2004), many consumers who claimed they have explicit preferences on Coca-Cola or Pepsi cannot identify these two brands by their taste. However, when they can see the brand name, they show strong preferences. From this point, brand loyalty is more about the name or the image of a brand rather than their function or taste. By this way, many food companies launch their new product by using existed brand name, which can help the new product to acquire higher acceptance. the dark side of consumer behaviour in food industry addictive consumption Salted Food may be an addictive substance that stimulates opiate and dopamine receptors in the brains reward and pleasure centre more than it is tasty, while salted food preference, urge, craving and hunger may be manifestations of opiate withdrawal. Salted food and opiate withdrawal stimulate appetite, increases calorie consumption, augments the incidence of overeating, overweight, obesity and related illnesses. Obesity and related illnesses may be symptoms of Salted Food Addiction. consumer terrorism Examples: 1990,pepsi weathered its own crisis when more than 50 reports of syringes found in diet pepsi cans surfaced in 23 states compulsive consumption example: 2011, salt out of stock in china. There is a rumour that salt can prevent harmful effect of radiation caused by nuclear leak in Fukushima, Japan. Conclusion: From perspective of big food companies From perspective of individual consumers

fountain head through quotes :: essays research papers

The Meaning of The Fountainhead Through Quotes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature is often a key factor in understanding the meanings of certain philosophies. If philosophy were not explained to great extent in certain works of literature, man would have no means of understanding the crucial, insightful messages behind philosophy. One such philosophy, objectivism, is represented exceptionally in Ayn Rand’s novel, The Fountainhead. The compelling dialogue between the characters of the book allows one to uncover Ayn Rand’s own feelings towards objectivism. The connotations and the implications of several of the quotes within The Fountainhead accurately depict the essence of objectivism, as a way to live one’s life properly. They also encourage the opposition of convention through the telling of events that the novels main character, Howard Roark, goes through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Howard Roark is a man who blazes his own path and listens only to himself. He feels success comes to those who achieve complete and utter independence from the world’s traditional principles. Howard also cares nothing of other’s opinions of himself. When he is expelled from school, he is not angry or sad; he simply feels he needs to discover a new way to venture into the career of architecture. He does not allow expulsion to ruin his hope of being an architect. Peter Keating, on the other hand, is a man with little independent thought. He was the top student of his class and was recognized by many professors as an outstanding student. However he has serious self esteem issues. In fact, Peter decided to go into architecture not because he has a passion for it but because it would gain him a socially respectable position. Keating believes that only by following set guidelines will he get ahead in life. In one dialogue, between the two characters, Keati ng is asking Roark for advice on what he should do with his life. Keating asks, â€Å"How do you always manage to decide?† Roark answers his colleague with a question of his own. â€Å"How can you let others decide for you?† Keating asks his question because he cannot comprehend how Howard can live his life not caring what others think of it, where as, Roark sees it as inconceivable that Peter could have such little self-assurance when it came to making his own decisions. In this regard, Roark is a better man that Keating. It also shows how Roark displays objectivism. Roark is unwilling to succumb to the norms values of society and he is able to think and reason for himself.

Choosing the Right Application of Multiple Intelligence Theory Essay

Throughout the last fifty years, educators have debated what methods of teaching are most effective. These methods include many extremes, from the more traditional method of teaching, in which teachers lecture, students listen, and are expected to learn, to experiential education, which usually requires students to take a hands on approach to every lesson. Both of these extreme methods have too specific of an approach. A combination of learning styles, or multiple intelligences, is required to teach successfully. The introduction of the multiple intelligence theory has positively benefitted teaching by encouraging educators to stimulate each student’s learning strength everyday; regardless of the traditional teaching methods more commonly used. The multiple intelligence theory was created by Howard Gardner, and has been summarized nicely by McCain and Weiten (2004). â€Å"He suggests the existence of a number of relatively autonomous human intelligences. To build his list of separate intelligences, Gardner reviewed the evidence on cognitive capacities in normal individuals, people suffering from brain damage, and special populations, such as prodigies and idiot savants. He concluded that humans exhibit eight intelligences: logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist† (p. 380). Mr. Gardner has made efforts to prove that every student learns his or her own way. He says that, â€Å"Students learn in ways that are identifiably distinctive. The broad spectrum of students, and perhaps the society as a whole, would be better served if disciplines could be presented in a number of ways and learning could be assessed through a variety of means.† (Gardner, 1991, p.... ...sate for their weaker skills, with their stronger ones. Educators debating whether to use the multiple intelligence theory need to consider that â€Å"it involves creating rich experiences in which students with different intelligence profiles can interact with the materials and ideas using their particular combinations of strengths and weaknesses.† (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2006, p. 27). The Key School in Indiana believes that all children should have his or her type of intelligence aroused every day (Gardner, 1991, p. 215). Completing a school day knowing that students will have all had a chance to feel like successful learners must be a goal that educators strive to achieve. This is a belief that would allow all learning pieces in a child’s mind to be stimulated, every day. This also builds students into being the most multi-faceted individuals possible.

Enders Game Essay

Human beings are free except when humanity needs them. Maybe humanity needs you. To do something. Maybe humanity needs me—to find out what you’re good for. We might both do despicable things, Ender, but if humankind survives, then we were good tools.† Graff is explaining to Ender the philosophy behind everything they are doing. Although Ender does not know it at the time, this is the same reasoning that the adults will use to manipulate the children time and time again. Ender objects to this idea, because he believes that people are more than just tools, but nevertheless it is the pervading ideology of the I.F. throughout the book. This philosophy justifies doing terrible things in the name of humanity, and it also means that individuals will have to make awful sacrifices for their species. â€Å"In the moment when I truly understand my enemy, understand him well enough to defeat him, then in that very moment I also love him. I think it’s impossible to really understand somebody, what they want, what they believe, and not love them the way they love themselves.† Ender is telling Valentine why he hates himself. He is able to understand his enemies better than anyone else, but once he understands them he destroys them. With such tremendous empathy, even in coming to understand his worst enemies Ender loves them. This means that when he crushes them he is hurting himself in the process. Ender does not want to have enemies, so that he will not be forced to hurt anybody. He will love even those who seem to be his most bitter enemies when he properly understands them. But in the situations Ender has been in he has no choice other than destroying those enemies. At the end of the book, when Ender comes to truly understand the buggers, he is able to try to help them. He has already done them great harm, but now he can be happy because he has a chance to undo what he did to them. â€Å"So the whole war is because we can’t talk to each other.† â€Å"If the other fellow can’t tell you his story, you can never be sure he isn’t trying to kill you.† â€Å"What if we just left them alone?† â€Å"Ender, we didn’t go to them first, they came to us. If they were going to leave us alone, they could have done it a hundred years ago, before the First Invasion.† â€Å"Maybe they didn’t know we were intelligent life. Maybe—† This conversation occurs when Graff tells Ender his theory of why they are at war with the buggers. Graff tells Ender that since the buggers communicate through thought, they probably cannot understand that humans are thinking beings. Ender therefore wants to know why this cannot be remedied.